Omega oil and medical cannabis: A powerful partnership

What are omega-3 fatty acids?

Omega-3 fatty acids are types of polyunsaturated fats - often referred to as “healthy” fats - that are essential to our diets. They are considered essential because the body cannot make its own omega-3s, despite them being vital for cell function. 

Three of the most important types of omega-3 fatty acids are:

• Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) - found in some nuts and seeds, such as flaxseed and walnuts.
• Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) - found mainly in oily fish, such as mackerel, salmon, and anchovies.
• Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) - also found in oily fish, as well as other seafood.

It is also possible to buy omega-3 supplements, including omega-3 fish oil capsules; however, healthcare experts state that these nutrients are more effective when sourced through a healthy and balanced diet.

What are the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids?

Omega-3 fatty acids contribute to the proper function of several biological and physiological systems in our bodies, including the cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems, as well as being essential to healthy eye and brain development. These essential nutrients also have anti-inflammatory properties and have been found to improve cognitive function, including memory and focus. 

The consumption of omega-3 fatty acids has also been linked to the prevention of various diseases, including metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory diseases. 

Omega-3 fatty acids and the endocannabinoid system

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a collection of endogenous compounds (endocannabinoids), receptors (cannabinoid receptor 1 and cannabinoid receptor 2), and enzymes that play a role in a range of cognitive and physiological processes that are vital for our overall health. For example, the ECS has been found to regulate temperature, mood, pain signalling, and a number of other functions. 

As such, cannabinoid receptors have gained attention as targets for the treatment of a wide range of conditions. These receptors are primarily targeted by endogenous (compounds made in the body) and phytogenous (compounds found in plants) cannabinoids, including those found in cannabis-based medicines. 

Omega-3 fatty acids and endocannabinoids

Endocannabinoids are neurotransmitters that interact with cannabinoid receptors to regulate many processes, including those mentioned above. Interestingly, some of these compounds are synthesised from omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, including DHA and EPA. But this may not be the only connection between medical cannabis and omega-3 fatty acids. 

Diet, omega oils, and medical cannabis

When managing many health conditions, it is important to take a holistic approach. This involves addressing a variety of areas, including medications, diet, and exercise. Many studies have shown that eating a healthy diet can not only contribute to improvements in chronic pain, heart disease, mental health conditions, and many more common health problems, but it may also enhance the effects of prescribed medications. 

This may also be true for medical cannabis. Cannabinoids, such as CBD and THC, are lipophilic (fat-loving) compounds which have a high affinity for fats and bind to fatty tissues in the body. Studies have shown that administering these compounds alongside fatty foods - such as those containing omega oils - could significantly increase their bioavailability and potentially enhance their effects.

The complementary benefits of medical cannabis and omega-3 fatty acids

Like endocannabinoids, phytocannabinoids found in the cannabis plant, like cannabidiol (CBD) and delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), can interact with cannabinoid receptors in the body. These interactions have been shown to trigger a wide range of therapeutic responses, making cannabinoids an expanding area of medical research. 

Research also suggests that cannabinoids may work synergistically with other cannabis compounds, such as terpenes and flavonoids, to enhance these properties. This is known as the entourage effect. Therefore, in theory, taking medical cannabis alongside certain other compounds, including those found naturally in our diet, may produce complementary effects.

Medical cannabis and omega-3 for inflammation

The intake of omega-3 fatty acids has been associated with improvements in rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. This is likely due to the ability of omega-3 metabolites to inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines associated with arthritic pain. Another study found that supplementation with EPA and DHA can reduce arthritic pain and joint stiffness. 

These anti-inflammatory properties may also help to improve the symptoms of chronic pain. One study, published in 2023, found that higher circulating levels of omega-3 fatty acids were associated with a reduced risk of chronic pain, including lower back pain and sciatica.

Similarly, medical cannabis has also shown promise in the treatment of inflammatory conditions, including chronic pain, arthritis, endometriosis, and gastrointestinal disorders. 

Medical cannabis and omega-3 for neurological function

Omega-3 fatty acids are crucial for brain health, development and cognitive function. Some evidence suggests they may even play a role in preventing or managing neurological conditions like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. However, these studies are preclinical, and more evidence is required to fully understand this relationship.

Nonetheless, consuming healthy amounts of these essential omega oils alongside medical cannabis may be beneficial. Medical cannabis can now be prescribed for a range of neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and epilepsy.

Medical cannabis and omega-3 for mental health

Omega oils, particularly omega-3 fatty acids found in oily fish, have also been linked to improvements in mental health. According to a 2016 study, these fatty compounds modulate dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways, potentially making them useful in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression. 

Moreover, by improving the bioavailability of cannabinoids, omega oils may enhance the therapeutic effects of medical cannabis treatment. Cannabis-based medicines can be prescribed for mental health conditions when at least two other conventional therapies have failed to achieve satisfactory results. 

Final thoughts

The health benefits of consuming foods rich in omega fatty acids are well established. Of course, these shouldn’t be considered a substitute for seeking health advice from a doctor, or as an alternative to prescribed medications. However, some evidence indicates that omega oils, particularly omega-3 fatty acids, may be a valuable addition to a holistic approach to the treatment of many health conditions. 

At Releaf, we strive to provide the highest standard of holistic care, based on the available evidence. As such, good nutrition is a staple in our medical advice, alongside tailored medical cannabis treatments for a wide range of conditions. Find out more about your suitability for a medical cannabis prescription today.